SIGNIFICANCE: Founding of Providence led to the establishment of the colony of Rhode Island in 1644 preached freedom of religion and separation of church and state TERMS IN THIS SET (30) Act of Toleration (1649) DEFN: made it illegal to prevent any Christian from practicing his or her religion and imposed fines for those who broke the law SIGNIFICANCE: Protected the rights of Catholics Promoted freedom of religion SUPPORTING DETAILS: The Calverts intended the colony as a haven for Catholics fleeing England and as a source of income for themselves and their descendants THEMES: 8 (Social Structures) - Allowed Catholics to practice their religion freely, gave them a refuge in the New World? Roger Williams DEFN: Roger Williams founded Providence on land purchased from the Narragansett tribe after being banned from Massachusetts Bay for promoting the separation of church and state Significance: This event occurred because YHWH "stirred up the spirit" of King Cyrus II of Persia and told him to allow the Israelites to return to the Promised Land. He allowed some of the Israelites to return to the Promised Land (Jerusalem) and rebuild the temple. Definition: the year that Cyrus II of Persia conquered Babylon. This event was both a political and religious victory because the Israelites now feared that the Babylonian gods were more powerful than their own God. It also forced the Israelites to begin writing down their culture and history. Significance: This event marked the end of Judah. Definition: the year that the rest of the Judeans were exiled from the Promised Land by the Babylonians This act also decentralized Judah, effectively weakening their power. Significance: This act removed the powerful figures from Judah who may be able to resist the Babylonian exile. Definition: the year that the elite members of Judah (southern kingdom) were exiled by the Babylonians The Judeans believed that Israel's fall was a result of their straying away from their faith in YHWH. He refuses and Israel becomes a vassal for Assyria in a suzerainty treaty. Significance: Isaiah the prophet advises Ahaz to wait and God will save Israel (northern kingdom) from the Assyrians. Definition: Northern Kingdom of Israel conquered by Assyrians